This means I can use one of the Sonoff switches, which has the benefits of an integrated mains to 5V power supply and comes already housed in its own case. Next we need to specify the switch that will control the zone valve for downstairs (or just the boiler/furnace in a single zone system).if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-portrait-1','ezslot_23',177,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-portrait-1-0')}; Then we need to define the sensor that Home Assistant will use for the temperature within this particular zone. Disclosure: Some of the links on this site are affiliate links. Home Assistant has a really good built-in thermostat integration called generic thermostat that we will use for our system. In the single zone system with integrated AC, the timer will send an on signal to the thermostat if the time and date match the user inputted values or if the heating/AC is set to always on. Personally I am very pleased with the thermostat integration in Home Assistant, so much so that I was inspired to make such a long tutorial.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'siytek_com-small-square-2','ezslot_33',186,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-small-square-2-0')}; It would be great to see an integrated thermostat that can handle multiple zones and both heating and cooling in a future version of Home Assistant. You will need to have Home Assistant installed and configured, plus your devices added and recognized as entities. This is why it is important to locate your temperature sensor in the same room as your thermostat in this kind of system. If you would rather just keep everything in your configuration.yaml file, simply enter the code after climate: with one level of indentation. This is dependant on whether or not you have a convenient place to run the power from. Then we need to create a new directory and new YAML file. In this section I will cover the easiest method of replacing the old thermostats, which will probably be applicable to most folks wanting to build a DIY thermostat. In system that uses a boiler to heat multiple zones there needs to be a thermostat and timer for each zone. Give the entity card a title, I called mine climate sensors. In my system I have a junction box next to the zone valves. Therefore I will install two temperature sensors. This means that when you switch either heating thermostat on, the AC thermostat switches off and if you switch the AC thermostat on, the heating thermostats switch off. The only downside to this is we cannot incorporate our temperature sensor and relays into a single module as it is almost certainly the wrong location. If I wish to convert the system back to the original state, I can just remove the Sonoff and reconnect the original thermostat wiring.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-sky-3','ezslot_27',170,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-sky-3-0')}; If our thermostat wiring terminates at the boiler/furnace we can also adopt the same strategy and tap the power from the boiler/furnace whilst wiring the Sonoff to the boiler/furnace switch terminals, just like a Google Nest installation. Then we need to create a new directory and add a new YAML file. Please note that your system may still differ, so it is important that you use this information for educational benefit only. We can break things down into two categories, single zone and multiple zone systems. I would recommend one of the ubiquitous Sonoff switches. The wiring found in different systems will not necessarily be the same, therefore it is most important that you have a full understanding of how your system is wired. Something beyond the ability of a commercially available thermostat! How To Flash Sonoff Tasmota With An Arduino Uno And ESPTool, Home Assistant Automation Tutorial For Dummies. If you do not want to use this feature, just exclude this line of code. The radiator nearest to the thermostat does not have a local thermostat as the room that it is located in is used by the main thermostat to set the global temperature. As the DHT22 has a precision of 0.1, we can set it accordingly. You could of course adopt this same technique with your own system. However there is a limitation, it only supports a single zone of either heating or cooling. The zone controller switches on the AC unit, furnace, air duct dampers and fan depending on the requests it receives from each thermostat. This time we will add a thermostat card. The existing thermostat has a battery that operates the electronics inside. If you want to integrate your relays and temperature sensor into your existing thermostat wall box, you can use a 5V relay module connected to the Wemos D1 Mini that you use for your temperature sensor. This means that, at zero cost to you, I will earn an affiliate commission if you click through the link and finalize a purchase. Knowledge ofconfiguration.yamland the YAML language is also required as this tutorial is a little more advanced. Now you should have a total of four cards on your thermostat tab. An common example would be independent zones for the upstairs and downstairs areas of a home. Alternatively if you have a standalone AC unit with a remote, you can use an IR blaster. The target_temp parameter is the temperature that the thermostat is trying to achieve. If you dont have a temperature sensor in mind then would recommend building your own temperature sensor using a Wemos D1 Mini and DHT22. You will also need a smart switch with at least one relay in order to control your boiler/furnace. This example features two zones, one upstairs and one downstairs area. It is common for the timer and thermostat to be integrated into a single module. In my case I have two zones, upstairs and downstairs. Switch off the show header toggle switch as it is not needed. The system is very simple, the timer thermostat module has a live incoming cable connected to a switch shown in brown. You will need at least one temperature sensor to report the temperature back to Home Assistant. The benefit of this is you wont have any wires on show and you do not need to go to the trouble of installing any wiring. In order to add all of the YAML files within this directory, we need to add the following to our configuration.yaml file. The green lines show data or a control signal.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-netboard-2','ezslot_21',173,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-netboard-2-0')};if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-netboard-2','ezslot_22',173,'0','1'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-netboard-2-0_1')};.netboard-2-multi-173{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. All zone valves in the system are connected globally to the boiler so that if any of the valves are open, the boiler will be on. You now hopefully have a good idea about the hypothetical configurations of HVAC system. My existing system is shown in the light grey box. The following diagrams are just ideas to help you understand the kind of system that exists. In a single zone system it would work in exactly the same way, however the zone valve would be omitted and the thermostat would simply control the boiler/furnace heat directly. Lets recap on the devices we will be using. Home Assistant takes temperature readings from two seperate Wemos D1 Minis connected to DHT22 temperature sensors. This will be the operating range of the slider within the thermostat. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',153,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-medrectangle-4-0')};If you are new to Home Assistant and dont have any experience with YAML, I would recommend checking out one of my other tutorials first. If you have a boiler and radiator system then the pump will likely be integral with the boiler and no additional relay switch is needed.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-banner-1','ezslot_4',155,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-banner-1-0')}; If you have either an integrated AC unit or would like to include a standalone AC unit, you will need another relay switch to control it. Some systems only have the ability to produce heat, which include all boiler systems and ventilation systems that do not have an integrated AC unit. If you need to configure a Sonoff device for Home Assistant, I would recommend flashing it with Tasmota and setting it up to auto discover.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-narrow-sky-2','ezslot_19',175,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-narrow-sky-2-0')}; As previously mentioned we are going to create a system capable of full HVAC control. In order to feed the temperature to Home Assistant we can use a seperate low voltage system consisting of a Wemos D1 Mini and DHT22 temperature sensor. These wire colours reflect the actual colours found in my system, however this may be different in your system depending on your location.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-sky-4','ezslot_28',174,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-sky-4-0')}; The live connection for the thermostat switches are also connected to terminal 3 of the junction box. In a system consisting of a boiler, valves are used in the pipework to stop or allow the flow of hot water to designated zones. This card will contain all of the entities used in our thermostat system. Now that we have completed the first thermostat, we can make a copy of the code below on order to make the second instance for the upstairs heating zone. Note that there is only a live and neutral mains connection to the boiler and not to the thermostat. In a heat only system either a boiler or furnace delivers heat to the entire home either with hot water or hot air respectively. Next we will create a series of automations that switch off the fan if all of the heating zones and the AC are switched off. It should give you enough of an idea how to design your own system. This thermostat has the timer integrated and has switch contacts on the back that open and close to turn the zone valve on and off. In my system there are two zones of heating and one zone of AC (the standalone AC unit in the bedroom). I am not a HVAC engineer and offer this information with absolutely no guarantee that it will work with your HVAC system. For now I have the modules attached to USB chargers, which are plugged in to sockets near the old thermostats. Some systems use return air ducts, which have been omitted for clarity. The fan will only be turned off if both other switches are off. The main issue with simply replacing the existing thermostat is that in many installations there is no power provided. Therefore we will configure three instances of generic thermostat to control each one individually. If in doubt, stop and seek expert assistance from a qualified HVAC engineer. Some systems use return air ducts, which have been omitted from this diagram for clarity. This will ensure that if for some reason the fan is turned off, the AC and heating zones do not continue to run. I have chosen to split my files up, therefore my climate components are defined in a separate file called /climate/generic_thermostat.yaml. However I will include all of the additions including the Home Assistant code and setup for fan control for the benefit of my American friends who are more likely to be using a ventilation based system. We also need to use sensor.temperatureupstairs for our temperature reading. If you are using Tasmota, I have a detailed guide on how to set it up to auto discover in Home Assistant. Each thermostat and timer functions in the same way as a single zone, except the on signal is passed to a zone valve instead of the boiler. If you would rather just keep everything in your configuration.yaml file, simply enter the code after automation: with one level of indentation. There are however several solutions to this problem. Home Assistant will take care of it now for you! However this method requires knowledge of how the home electrical system works and should not be attempted if you do not fully understand how to implement it. The wires behind the old thermostat are switched by a relay module controlled by the D1 Mini. You can omit any of the elements if it is not applicable to your configuration. The wires that connect to the back of the thermostat are for switching only. In addition to your Wemos D1 Mini, temperature sensor and relay module, you could add a 5V switching power supply and run a power cable to the location of your old thermostat. When the thermostat turns the zone valve on, it opens in order to allow the hot water to flow to the radiators downstairs and it also sends a signal to the boiler to switch the heat on. Once you are done click save.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-narrow-sky-1','ezslot_17',185,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-narrow-sky-1-0')}; Once you are back to the overview page, click on the orange circle with the plus again to add another entity. You can set the precision of your sensor using the precision parameter. This is the configuration I will be building. As there are many different possible configurations we will take a look at things from a more generalised perspective. These are only suggestions and you can use any sensor or switch that you like, so long as it can be recognised and controlled with Home Assistant.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'siytek_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_5',156,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-large-leaderboard-2-0')}; Please do not attempt to make any modifications to your HVAC system unless you are absolutely certain you understand what you are doing. I have configured Tasmota on all of these devices and they are all showing in Home Assistant as entities. The disadvantage is of course having the change the battery. Copyright 2022 Siytek. This information is purely for educational purpose only. This low voltage is enough to switch on and off a mechanical relay switch inside the unit. Now we have completed all of our instances of the climate integration, go ahead and save the YAML file.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-netboard-1','ezslot_20',180,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-netboard-1-0')}; There are some important rules that we must setup in order to make sure our system functions safely and that no damage is caused. Awesome! The thermostat integration is well documented on the Home Assistant website, I would recommend reading about it further on the Generic Thermostat page. Now we can enter the first instance of generic thermostat in our generic_thermostat.yaml file. The furnace heats the air and the AC unit cools the air, which is delivered to the rooms through air ducts. In a system consisting of a furnace either with or without an integrated AC unit, dampers are used in the air ducting to stop or allow the flow of hot or cold air to the designated zones. There are many different configuration of HVAC system so you need to gain a full understanding of your own system and how it is configured. This is the method that I would most recommend in order to minimise exposure to mains electrical current. I will be using the following hardware to run the system, each will be configured as an entity in Home Assistant. We will create the cards using the UI editor and the built-in thermostat card. As I have a dual zone heating system I have two thermostats, one for upstairs and one for downstairs. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-mobile-leaderboard-1','ezslot_15',163,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-mobile-leaderboard-1-0')}; The only real difference between my system and a HVAC system using ventilation with respect to Home Assistant, is that I do not require a fan. I will also cover an alternative method that I will be using to build my system, primarily to give an idea for an alternative method. The on signal from each thermostat is sent to a zone controller. If we take the unit off the wall we can see that the wiring is very simple. The mains power is globally connected to both zone valves and the boiler/furnace using terminals 2 and 3 of the junction box. The dual zone system looks a lot more complicated in the diagram, but it is quite straightforward in its operation. Neutral is shown in blue, live is shown in brown but grey is also used for the zone valves. It is very easy to make and can be powered from a USB connection. Congratulations for making it to the end of this huge tutorial! Now we can enter the climate automation rules in our climate_rules.yaml file. Therefore the three rules we need to create are as follows. You will need to assess how your own system is configured and apply the information that is relevant. modification to your HVAC system without consulting a certified engineer. The Sonoff can also tap mains power from the global mains supply found on terminals 2 and 3. I have a dual zone system with a hot water boiler and will be adding a small standalone AC unit in the master bedroom controlled by a smart plug. We will start with a thermostat for the downstairs zone. These diagrams may not be entirely accurate to how your system works, however they should give you enough of an idea.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'siytek_com-leader-2','ezslot_12',160,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-leader-2-0')}; In the single zone system the timer will send an on signal to the thermostat if the time and date match the user inputted values or if the heating is set to always on. Select the first climate entity in the entity box, in this case I chose climate.downstairs. First we will create a series of automations which turn on the fan if either of the heat zones or the AC unit are turned on. All we need to do in order to connect this to Home Assistant is replace the thermostat with a smart relay switch and give the smart relay a power source. The thinner red and black lines show the 5V positive and negative connections. There is also a desk fan connected to another smart plug shown in dotted lines. In the entities list we need to enter all of the entities used in the system. It is important that the fan does not switch off if only one of the climate elements are turned off. Firstly we will look at the most basic system for heat only. Why spends hundreds on a smart thermostat when Home Assistant has the power to control all of the necessary hardware and its absolutely free?! For this tutorial I will be building a system to cover a two zone system with both heating and cooling ability. You may find additional wiring here for AC or the fan, in which case you can also connect these to separate relay switches for your AC and fan functions. The D1 Mini can be powered from a battery as shown here in this diagram or from USB. As this zone is for the downstairs heating we will set this to false. First lets take a recap on one of the systems described earlier, the system that is currently operating in my house. Lets take a look at the diagrams for some clarity. I have chosen to split my files up, therefore my automation component for climate is defined in a separate file called /automation/climate_rules.yaml. Firstly lets summarize the rules that needs to be created. In the most simplistic cases these wires connect to the switch on the boiler/furnace, however they may also run to a junction box. I currently power mine from an old USB charger but I have future plans to install it inside a DIY smart lamp.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-box-4','ezslot_2',154,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-box-4-0')}; If you have more than one thermostat in your house then you will need a minimum of one temperature sensor for each zone, ideally located near each of the original thermostats or at least in the same room. However with a little automation YAML it is possible to get the exact functionality that a sophisticated HVAC system needs. A huge benefit of using Home Assistant as your smart thermostat is that you can easily integrate a standard dumb AC unit using either a smart plug to switch the power or an IR blaster if the unit has a remote control. There is also plenty of space in this location as I am not confined to a wall box. If you have a wall socket nearby you could run the power from there to the thermostat. Again we will make a copy of the code and amend the necessary parameters. Both thermostats terminate here and there is also power for the valves that I can tap for the Sonoff switch. This installation is better suited next to the boiler/furnace as we need the mains voltage to power the Sonoff Basic. In this case it is possible to add a standalone AC unit to our Home Assistant thermostat control. Therefore for this solution we will use a seperate D1 Mini for each temperature sensor and locate them near the existing thermostats. This is a safer option compared with running a mains power cable and using a 5V switching power supply module. This means that if either zone valve is open, the heat will be switched on. If you know the location where the wires from the thermostat terminate, you could repurpose them as power cables. The most important thing to understand here is the inputs and outputs required for Home Assistant, which are common across all types of installation. We need to change the name to Upstairs and also we need to use switch.upstairs in order to control the upstairs heating zone with this thermostat. In system that uses a furnace to heat or cool multiple zones there needs to be a thermostat and timer for each zone. If you have a furnace and air ducting then you will need an additional relay switch to control the fan. All the code is finally complete so we can go ahead and and save the YAML file. The chiller can either be integrated and share the ducting used by a hot air system or it can be a standalone AC unit.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_8',191,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0')}; A multi zone system features the same configuration as the single zone system but with the addition of valves or dampers to direct the heat source to different locations. WARNING: These cables carry the full mains voltage and could give you a LETHAL electric shock. For this tutorial we will assume that you have Home Assistant up and running already. The away_temp parameter is the temperature that the thermostat will use if Home Assistant detects that you are away. Lets take a look how to do this, here is the main thermostat in my house that controls the downstairs heating zone. I agree that the Google Nest looks beautiful but if you really want to wow your friends, why not mount a tablet to the wall and make an awesome looking dashboard! Repeat this process and create another two cards for the climate.upstairs and climate.upstairs_ac entities. Well done if you got this far in the tutorial! My suggestion here would be to use a Wemos D1 Mini connected to a DHT22 temperature sensor and a relay module. Then we will tie them together with an automation.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'siytek_com-small-rectangle-2','ezslot_31',176,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-small-rectangle-2-0')}; The climate components should be defined in configuration.yaml under climate. The system consisting of a single thermostat that either heats or cools the home depending on the desired temperature vs the actual temperature. In mostly all cases (including if you wanted to install a commercially available thermostat) we simply need to replace the thermostat(s) with relay switches and add some method of measuring temperature. This is only the starting value when Home Assistant loads and will change when you adjust the temperature slider. I have a detailed guide that makes this very easy and you can build one for around the price of a beer! This can be powered from USB as shown in the diagram, or from a battery. There are some benefits to this method at the expense of a slightly more complex installation.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-small-rectangle-1','ezslot_29',165,'0','0'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-small-rectangle-1-0')};if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'siytek_com-small-rectangle-1','ezslot_30',165,'0','1'])};if(typeof __ez_fad_position!='undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-siytek_com-small-rectangle-1-0_1')};.small-rectangle-1-multi-165{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}.
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